MINOR: task: introduce a thread-local "sched" variable for local scheduler stuff

MINOR: task: introduce a thread-local "sched" variable for local scheduler stuff

The aim is to rassemble all scheduler information related to the current
thread. It simply points to task_per_thread[tid] without having to perform
the operation at each time. We save around 1.2 kB of code on performance
sensitive paths and increase the request rate by almost 1%.